Neuroscience Research Articles

Biomedical

Microglia Heterogeneity in Alzheimer’s Disease: Insights From Single-Cell Technologies

Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system and play critical roles in brain immunity, development, and homeostasis. The pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) triggers activation of microglia. Microglia express many AD risk genes, suggesting that their response to AD pathology can affect disease progression. Microglia have long been considered a homogenous cell population. ...
5 months ago

Biomedical

Synaptic plasticity through a naturalistic lens

From the myriad of studies on neuronal plasticity, investigating its underlying molecular mechanisms up to its behavioral relevance, a very complex landscape has emerged. Recent efforts have been achieved toward more naturalistic investigations as an attempt to better capture the synaptic plasticity underpinning of learning and memory, which has been fostered by the development of in vivo electrop...
5 months ago

Biomedical

Optical Quantal Analysis

Understanding the mechanisms by which long-term synaptic plasticity is expressed remains an important objective in neuroscience. From a physiological perspective, the strength of a synapse can be considered a consequence of several parameters including the probability that a presynaptic action potential (AP) evokes the release of neurotransmitter, the mean number of quanta of transmitt...
5 months ago

Biomedical

Retromer in Synaptic Function and Pathology

The retromer complex mediates export of select transmembrane proteins from endosomestothetrans-Golgi network (TGN) or to the plasma membrane. Dysfunction of retromer has been linked with slowly progressing neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (AD and PD). As these disorders affect synapses it is of key importance to clarify the function of retromer...
5 months ago

Biomedical

Modeling Neurological Diseases With Human Brain Organoids

The complexity and delicacy of human brain make it challenging to recapitulate its development, function and disorders. Brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide a new tool to model both normal and pathological human brain, and greatly enhance our ability to study brain biology and diseases. Currently, human brain organoids are increasingly used in modeling n...
5 months ago

Biomedical

Gait and Cognitive Declines in Dementia—Double or Nothing

Summary

The article "Gait and Cognitive Declines in Dementia—Double or Nothing" by Joe Verghese (2022) discusses the interrelationship between gait performance and cognitive decline in dementia. It emphasizes that impairments in gait are often observed early in the course of dementia and that changes in gait speed can serve as early indicator...
5 months ago

Biomedical

Effects of Electroacupuncture for Depression-Related Insomnia

Summary

The article "Effects of Electroacupuncture for Depression-Related Insomnia" by Albert Yeung and David Mischoulon (2022) investigates the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) in treating insomnia associated with depression. The study involved 270 patients who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: EA treatment combined...
5 months ago

Biomedical

Neural flip-flops I: Short-term memory

The networks proposed here show how neurons can be connected to form flip-flops, the basic building blocks in sequential logic systems. The novel neural flip-flops (NFFs) are explicit, dynamic, and can generate known phenomena of short-term memory. For each network design, all neurons, connections, and types of synapses are shown explicitly. The neurons’ operation depends only on explicitly stat...
5 months ago

Biomedical

Stochastic attractor models of visual working memory

This paper investigates models of working memory in which memory traces evolve according to stochastic attractor dynamics. These models have previously been shown to account for response-biases that are manifest across multiple trials of a visual working memory task. Here we adapt this approach by making the stable fixed points correspond to the multiple items to be remembered within a single-tria...
5 months ago

Biomedical

Is manual drawing of region of interest to measure fractional anisotropy a reliable method of determining white matter integrity- Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy model

In patients with Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (MTLE), more severe impairment in the ipsilateral than the contralateral hemisphere white matter tracts, including Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (SLF), are demonstrated on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Many clinicians and researchers conclude that drawing regions of interest (ROI) in the white matter can demonstrate these asymmetries. In this ...
3 years ago

Neuroscience

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