Aging is the major risk factor in most of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, yet its fundamental causes mostly remain unclear. One of the clear hallmarks of aging is mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are best known for their roles in cellular energy generation, but they are also critical biosynthetic and signaling organelles. They also undergo multiple changes with organismal...
1 month ago
Chronic inflammation affects many diseases and conditions, including aging. Interferons are a part of the immune defense against viral infections. Paradoxically, various aging tissues and organs from mammalian hosts perpetually accumulate changes brought by interferon pathway activation. Herein, we connote the mechanisms behind this phenomenon and discuss its implications in age-related pathology....
1 month ago
Epicardial fat is the visceral fat of the heart. Epicardial fat is a white adipose tissue, but it displays also brown-fat like or beige fat features. Under physiological conditions, epicardial fat has cardioprotective functions such as free fatty acids supply and thermoregulation of the adjacent myocardium. Epicardial adipose tissue encounters changes in the transition from embryological to childh...
1 month ago
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the advanced form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular injury, and fibrosis. Inflammation plays a key role in the progression of NASH and can be provoked by intrahepatic (e.g., lipotoxicity, immune responses, oxidative stress and cell death) and extrahepatic sources (adipose tissue...
1 month ago
Obesity is characterized by pathological adipose tissue (AT) expansion. While healthy AT expansion enhances systemic insulin sensitivity, unhealthy AT expansion through increased adipocyte size is associated with insulin resistance, fibrosis, hypoxia, and reduced adipose-derived adiponectin secretion. The mechanisms causing the unhealthy AT expansion are not fully elucidated; yet, dysregulated cro...
1 month ago
Institution: Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
Email:
Tadeusz M. Krygowski,
Tadeusz M. Krygowski
Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
Email:
Halina Szatylowicz
Halina Szatylowicz
Institution: Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
Email:
The influence of solvents on intramolecular interactions in 5- or 6-substituted nitro and amino derivatives of six tautomeric forms of uracil was investigated. For this purpose, the density functional theory (B97-D3/aug-cc-pVDZ) calculations were performed in ten environments (1 > ε > 109) using the polarizable continuum model (PCM) of solvation. The substituents were characterized by electronic ...
1 month ago
Institution: Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Email:
Attila Placido Sachslehner,
Attila Placido Sachslehner
Institution: Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Email:
Julia Steinbinder,
Julia Steinbinder
Institution: Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Email:
Leopold Eckhart
Leopold Eckhart
Institution: Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Email:
The epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) is a cluster of genes that code for protein components of cornified cells on the skin surface of amniotes. Squamates are the most species-rich clade of reptiles with skin adaptations to many different environments. As the genetic regulation of the skin epidermis and its evolution has been characterized for only a few species so far, we aimed to determine...
1 month ago