Key Questions
What is neuroinflammation?
Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response within the central nervous system that can disrupt its structure and function. It involves activation of glial cells, complement-mediated pathways, synthesis of inflammation mediators, and recruitment of leukocytes.
What diseases are associated with neuroinflammation?
Neuroinflammation is associated with multiple sclerosis, vasculitis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, and traumatic brain injuries.
How does neuroinflammation occur?
Neuroinflammation occurs when exogenous and endogenous factors like trauma, stroke, infections, or disease-related proteins activate microglia. This triggers signaling pathways leading to production of pro-inflammatory molecules.
What are the key components involved in neuroinflammation?
Key components include activated glial cells, complement pathways, inflammatory mediators like cytokines and chemokines, and recruited leukocytes. Signaling pathways like PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and mTOR are also involved.
How does neuroinflammation affect the brain?
Neuroinflammation can exacerbate conditions like amyloid-beta burden and tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease. It contributes to pathological, clinical and functional outcomes in brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.
What are potential therapeutic approaches for neuroinflammation?
Potential approaches include modulating critical signaling pathways, targeting specific cell types involved, and developing integrated pharmacological approaches that act at different disease stages. More research is needed to develop effective therapies.
