Rifqi Ridlo Phalevy,
Rifqi Ridlo Phalevy
Institution: Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Email: qq_levy@umsida.ac.id
Suryani Indah
Suryani Indah
Institution: Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Email: info@rnfinity.com
"This research aims to analyze the relationship between voluntary donations (infaq) and prohibited fees in the Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation No. 44 of 2012, as well as the views of Islamic scholars regarding the position of voluntary donations as a means of financing education. The re...
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"This research aims to analyze the relationship between voluntary donations (infaq) and prohibited fees in the Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation No. 44 of 2012, as well as the views of Islamic scholars regarding the position of voluntary donations as a means of financing education. The research method used is a normative approach that utilizes legal and comparative approaches. The research findings indicate that voluntary donations, also known as infaq, shadaqah, or amal jariyah, are considered a prohibited fee under the Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation No. 44 of 2012. However, in practice, these voluntary donations meet the criteria for fees as described in Article 11 of the regulation and are viewed by Islamic scholars as a form of social responsibility in the field of education. It is not permissible for these donations to be binding on the donor in terms of the amount and time of donation.
Highlights :
1. This research examines the connection between voluntary donations (infaq) and prohibited fees in education financing under Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation No. 44 of 2012.
2. The findings show that although infaq is considered a prohibited fee, it is viewed as a form of social responsibility in education by Islamic scholars.
3. It should not be binding on the donor in terms of the amount and time of donation."
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Posted 1 year ago
Anggun Sukma,
Anggun Sukma
Institution: University Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Sri Budi Purwaningsih
Sri Budi Purwaningsih
Institution: Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Email: info@rnfinity.com
"Disputes over breach of verbal purchase agreements often occur in society, particularly in the business sector. The purpose of this study is to analyze efforts to resolve such disputes based on Law No. 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution. The research method used is normati...
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"Disputes over breach of verbal purchase agreements often occur in society, particularly in the business sector. The purpose of this study is to analyze efforts to resolve such disputes based on Law No. 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution. The research method used is normative research. The results of this study show that efforts to resolve disputes over breach of verbal purchase agreements can be carried out through non-litigation based on the selection of Alternative Dispute Resolution methods, such as Negotiation, Mediation, Conciliation, and Arbitration based on Law No. 30/1999. Non-litigation resolution is intended as the first resort and considers the court as a last resort, in addition, the evidence tools as regulated in Article 1866 of the Civil Code need to be presented because the agreement was made verbally.
Highlights :
1. Disputes over breach of verbal purchase agreements are common in the business sector.
2. Alternative Dispute Resolution methods such as negotiation, mediation, conciliation, and arbitration can be used to resolve disputes based on Law No. 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution.
3. Non-litigation resolution is the preferred approach, with the court being considered as a last resort, and evidence tools as regulated in Article 1866 of the Civil Code need to be presented for verbal agreements."
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Posted 1 year ago
Radina Stoykova
Radina Stoykova
Institution: Department of Transboundary Legal Studies, Faculty of Law, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
Email: r.stoykova@rug.nl
Digital evidence and digital forensics have a significant impact on criminal investigation. This requires an examination if the fair trial principle remains sound in the new domain. In this paper the right to a fair trial in Art. 6 ECHR and its interpretation in case law is analysed in order to clar...
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Digital evidence and digital forensics have a significant impact on criminal investigation. This requires an examination if the fair trial principle remains sound in the new domain. In this paper the right to a fair trial in Art. 6 ECHR and its interpretation in case law is analysed in order to clarify its connection to evidence law and its specific application to the investigation stage of criminal proceedings. It is argued that the principle implicitly enshrines a framework for the development of universal evidence rules . Derived are two-groups of evidence rules: equality of arms based and presumption of innocence based. For each group specific challenges in the digital investigation are outlined and discussed in the context of a new governance model for digital evidence.
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Posted 1 year ago
Mohsen Khosravi,
Mohsen Khosravi
Institution: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IRAN
Email: dr_khosravi2016@yahoo.com
Domenico De Berardis,
Domenico De Berardis
Institution: Mental Health Center of Giulianova, Teramo, ITALY
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Sakineh Mazloom,
Sakineh Mazloom
Institution: Department of Nursing, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, IRAN
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Amir Adibi,
Amir Adibi
Institution: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IRAN
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Negin Javan,
Negin Javan
Institution: Department of Psychology, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH), Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Zahra Ghiasi,
Zahra Ghiasi
Institution: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IRAN
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Mohammad Nafeli,
Mohammad Nafeli
Institution: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IRAN
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Negar Rahmanian
Negar Rahmanian
Institution: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IRAN
Email: info@rnfinity.com
The malingered psychosis has increasingly occurred over the past few years due to the tendency towards care in the community and the closures of long-stay psychiatric institutions. Thus, it is required to identify malingered psychosis to reach accurate forensic assessments and inhibit misuse of rest...
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The malingered psychosis has increasingly occurred over the past few years due to the tendency towards care in the community and the closures of long-stay psychiatric institutions. Thus, it is required to identify malingered psychosis to reach accurate forensic assessments and inhibit misuse of restricted healthcare resources and miscarriages of justice. Despite the fact that some practical psychometric tools and strategies have been proposed for diagnosing true psychosis over the past decades, the differentiation between true psychosis and malingered psychosis is still sometimes challenging. Accordingly, it seems crucial to identify innovative and reliable diagnostic alternatives. Hence, the present article summarizes a collection of evidence that can be used by researchers to improve future assessment of oropharyngeal microbiome composition as a feasible diagnostic marker for true psychosis in a forensic psychiatric setting.
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Posted 1 year ago
Rashid Saeed,
Rashid Saeed
Institution: University of Gujrat, Gujrat, PAKISTAN
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Muhammad Qasim,
Muhammad Qasim
Institution: University of Gujrat, Gujrat, PAKISTAN
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Abeera Saqib,
Abeera Saqib
Institution: Government College University, Faislabad, PAKISTAN
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Muhammad Hassan
Muhammad Hassan
Institution: University of Education, Lahore, PAKISTAN
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a framework to provide all the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of mega projects for sustainability. Section 12 of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) 1997 regulates EIA procedure for mega projects that need to be approved by the respective En...
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Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a framework to provide all the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of mega projects for sustainability. Section 12 of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) 1997 regulates EIA procedure for mega projects that need to be approved by the respective Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to reduce environmental impacts. This study identified inadequacies linked with EIA procedures of CPEC western road project initiated from Rehmani Khel to Kot Balian (package-2A). To evaluate EIA procedures for the selected road project, an EIA index has been formulated based on questionnaire responses. The respondents of this study included environmental experts, social experts, and consultants from the relevant departments. The secondary sources involved a comprehensive literature review and approved EIA reports of CPEC road project. For testing variables, statistical analysis, i.e., the gamma test, correlation analysis, and factor analysis were used. The current study revealed the environmental impacts of CPEC road project, i.e., vehicle emissions, land degradation, loss of biodiversity, and atmospheric pollution. The calculated EIA index was 0.47, which identified the deficiencies among EIA stages, i.e., environmental management efficiency index, environmental impact statement index (EISI), and mitigation index for selected road projects. Statistical analysis indicated an insignificant relationship among the variables for environmental sustainability for the road project. This study will provide an EIA index for implementation of EIA procedures to reduce environmental degradation and contribute to EIA literature for long-term sustainability.
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Posted 1 year ago
Yusuf Dündar,
Yusuf Dündar
Institution: Aksaray University, Aksaray, Türkiye
Email: ysfdundar42@gmail.com
Cemal Ersin Silik,
Cemal Ersin Silik
Institution: Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Türkiye
Email: cemal.silik@hbv.edu.tr
Erdem Özgür
Erdem Özgür
Institution: Ministry of Interior Gendarmerie and Coast Guard Academy, Ankara, Türkiye
Email: eozgur76@hotmail.com
This research was conducted to reveal how the Turkish Gendarmerie should specialize in ensuring the security of touristic destinations. From October 2020 to February 2021, the opinions of 135 participants with high authority in the field of tourism and security were received in five different provin...
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This research was conducted to reveal how the Turkish Gendarmerie should specialize in ensuring the security of touristic destinations. From October 2020 to February 2021, the opinions of 135 participants with high authority in the field of tourism and security were received in five different provinces through an interview form created for this study. Content analysis was used in the analysis of the data. The findings obtained with this analysis were interpreted under seven themes: general security policy, uniform, equipment, awareness, duty, qualification, and training. According to the findings of the research, the Turkish Gendarmerie should serve visibly in touristic destinations with a different security concept. In the light of the findings obtained with this study, various recommendations were presented to practitioners and researchers in tourism and security field.
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Posted 1 year ago
Siti Khoirotul Arwiny,
Siti Khoirotul Arwiny
Institution: Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Muhlasin Amrullah
Muhlasin Amrullah
Institution: Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Email: info@rnfinity.com
This The purpose of this study was to anticipate bullying act in SD Muhammadiyah 1 Candi Labschool UMSIDA. To achieve that purpose, the researcher used qualitative research in the type of phenomenological research. The data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and documen...
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This The purpose of this study was to anticipate bullying act in SD Muhammadiyah 1 Candi Labschool UMSIDA. To achieve that purpose, the researcher used qualitative research in the type of phenomenological research. The data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this study showed that the school have several school activities to anticipate bullying act, such as anti-violence programs, discussions, full supervision, gathering with students, creed/moral approaches, academic approaches, persuasive approaches, home visits, teacher training and parenting seminars. In anticipating the occurrence of bullying, school not only focus on student activities, but also provide understanding to parents and teachers to collaborated in anticipating bullying behavior in schools. Assistance for children with special needs (ABK) to avoid undesirable things when their child is in a tantrum.
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Posted 1 year ago
Yasmin Termeh-Zonoozi,
Yasmin Termeh-Zonoozi
Institution: Center for Tobacco Products, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
Email: Yasmin.Termeh-Zonoozi@fda.hhs.gov
P. Dilip Venugopal,
P. Dilip Venugopal
Institution: Center for Tobacco Products, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
Email: Dilip.Venugopal@fda.hhs.gov
Vyomesh Patel
Vyomesh Patel
Institution: Center for Tobacco Products, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Background
Increasing use prevalence of waterpipe tobacco products raises concerns about environmental impacts from waterpipe waste disposal. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is required to assess the environmental impact of its tobacco regulatory actions per the National Environmental P...
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Background
Increasing use prevalence of waterpipe tobacco products raises concerns about environmental impacts from waterpipe waste disposal. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is required to assess the environmental impact of its tobacco regulatory actions per the National Environmental Policy Act. This study builds on FDA’s efforts characterizing the aquatic toxicity of waterpipe wastewater chemicals.
Methods
We compiled a comprehensive list of waterpipe wastewater chemical concentrations from literature. We then selected chemicals for risk assessment by estimating persistence, bioaccumulation, and aquatic toxicity (PBT) characteristics (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), and hazardous concentration values (concentration affecting specific proportion of species).
Results
Of 38 chemicals in waterpipe wastewater with concentration data, 20 are listed as harmful or potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) in tobacco smoke and tobacco products by FDA, and 15 are hazardous waste per U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Among metals, six (cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel and selenium) are included in both HPHC and hazardous waste lists and were selected for future risk assessments. Among non-metals, nicotine, and 4-methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)− 1-butanone (NNK) were shortlisted, as they are classified as persistent and toxic. Further, N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), with a low hazardous concentration value (HC50; concentration affecting 50 % of aquatic species) for chronic aquatic toxicity, had high aquatic toxicity concern and is selected.
Conclusions
The presence of multiple hazardous compounds in waterpipe wastewater highlights the importance of awareness on the proper disposal of waterpipe wastewater in residential and retail settings. Future studies can build on the hazard characterization provided in this study through fate and transport modeling, exposure characterization and risk assessments of waterpipe wastewater chemicals.
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Posted 1 year ago
Shree Raj Shakya,
Shree Raj Shakya
Institution: Research Institute for Sustainability - Helmholtz Centre Potsdam (RIFS), Potsdam, Germany
Email: shreeraj.shakya@iass-potsdam.de
Amrit Man Nakarmi,
Amrit Man Nakarmi
Institution: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Pulchowk, Lalitpur, Nepal
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Anita Prajapati,
Anita Prajapati
Institution: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Pulchowk, Lalitpur, Nepal
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Bijay Bahadur Pradhan,
Bijay Bahadur Pradhan
Institution: Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Utsav Shree Rajbhandari,
Utsav Shree Rajbhandari
Institution: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Pulchowk, Lalitpur, Nepal
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Maheswar Rupakheti,
Maheswar Rupakheti
Institution: Research Institute for Sustainability - Helmholtz Centre Potsdam (RIFS), Potsdam, Germany
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Mark G. Lawrence
Mark G. Lawrence
Institution: Research Institute for Sustainability - Helmholtz Centre Potsdam (RIFS), Potsdam, Germany
Email: info@rnfinity.com
There is a growing number of national, subnational and even company targets for net-zero emissions of CO2 in support of the Paris Climate Agreement goals of limiting the global average temperature increase within 1.5 °C by 2100. The challenges faced by developing countries in achieving net-zero em...
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There is a growing number of national, subnational and even company targets for net-zero emissions of CO2 in support of the Paris Climate Agreement goals of limiting the global average temperature increase within 1.5 °C by 2100. The challenges faced by developing countries in achieving net-zero emissions targets are, however, very prominent due to their common desire for rapid economic growth, improved socio-economic conditions, and greater climate resilience. In addition, this has to overcome many constraints related to the competitiveness, acceptability, and sustainability of proposed and planned low-carbon initiatives. It is thus very important to understand the economic and technical characteristics of net-zero emissions concepts and pathways. The constraints can best be addressed if actual and transparent co-benefits related to these initiatives are identified and reflected during their implementation. Here we employ the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) to examine Nepal’s recently introduced ‘Long-term Strategy for Net-zero Emissions’ and to estimate anticipated co-benefits in terms of reducing air pollutants emission and enhancing energy security and energy equity. Under the reference scenario (REF), the annual CO2 emission is expected to increase from 23 MtCO2 in 2019 to 79 MtCO2 in 2050 with significant increase in air pollutants emissions in the range of 60% (Organic Carbon) to 183% (SO2), increase in energy import dependency, reaching electricity consumption per capita below one-quarter of the world average. Under the ‘With Additional Measures (WAM)’ strategy scenario, air pollutants would be reduced in the range of 70% (Organic Carbon) to 85% (Black Carbon) respectively, in 2050 as compared to the REF. Similarly, it results drastic improvement in energy security indicators and energy equity. It is expected that the findings of this study will provide useful input to policymakers, private sector, societal actors and researchers in support of successful implementation of the initiatives for sustainable socio-economic transformation pathways.
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Posted 1 year ago
E Chaplin,
E Chaplin
Institution: London South Bank University, London, UK
Email: chapline@lsbu.ac.uk
D Harvey,
D Harvey
Institution: London South Bank University, London, UK
Email: info@rnfinity.com
K Tate-Marshall,
K Tate-Marshall
Institution: London South Bank University, London, UK
Email: info@rnfinity.com
S Ali,
S Ali
Institution: North London Forensic Service, Barnet, Enfield & Haringey NHS Trust, UK
Email: info@rnfinity.com
Background
To date, there is little evidence on the characteristics of defendants with intellectual disability when presenting to the criminal court system. This study was developed to recognise and examine the characteristics related to gender, ethnicity, mental health and index offences of defend...
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Background
To date, there is little evidence on the characteristics of defendants with intellectual disability when presenting to the criminal court system. This study was developed to recognise and examine the characteristics related to gender, ethnicity, mental health and index offences of defendants with intellectual disability and compare these to defendants without intellectual disability within Court Liaison & Diversion Services in London, England.
Methods
This is a retrospective data analysis of routine administrative data collected by the Liaison and Diversion services across five Magistrates courts in London, England. Data were analysed on defendants identified through screening to have an intellectual disability and compared to defendants without an intellectual disability.
Results
9088 defendants were identified, of these 4%, (349) were screened as having an intellectual disability. The study found an overrepresentation of defendants of black ethnicity along with high rates of comorbid mental illness and personality disorder amongst both non-intellectual disability and intellectual disability defendants. Defendants with intellectual disability self-reported self-harm and suicidal behaviour at higher rates. For neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), those with intellectual disability were over 4 times more likely to have comorbid ADHD and over 14 times more likely to have ASD. Index offences were mostly similar although defendants with intellectual disability had elevated rates of being charged with sexual offences and breach of the peace.
Conclusion
The findings confirm the presence of a small but significant number of defendants with intellectual disability presenting to the Court Liaison & Diversion services who have significant needs in terms of comorbidity and risk for suicide and self-harm behaviour. Further research is needed to understand the experiences of defendants with intellectual disability presenting to the Court including how best to deliver service models to improve recognition and respond to their high rates of health needs.
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Posted 1 year ago
