References and Studies
Below are the references for the questionnaires used in this study, as well as examples of studies where these questionnaires have been used:
The Gratitude Questionnaire
The Gratitude Questionnaire is a tool that assesses the level of gratitude in individuals. It measures how often a person feels grateful for various aspects of their life, including relationships and personal experiences. Below are some key studies that have utilized the Gratitude Questionnaire:
- Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). "Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 377-389.
- Watkins, P. C., Woodward, K. T., Stone, T. W., & Kolts, R. L. (2003). "Gratitude and happiness: Development of a measure of gratitude, and relationships with subjective well-being." Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 31(5), 431-451.
The Satisfaction With Life Scale
The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) measures an individual's cognitive judgments of their life satisfaction. It is widely used in psychological research to assess subjective well-being. Examples of studies using the SWLS include:
- Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). "The Satisfaction With Life Scale." Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
- Chamberlain, L. (2010). "Psychological well-being and life satisfaction in clinical populations: A review of the Satisfaction With Life Scale." Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 370-373.
The WHO-5 Well-Being Index
The WHO-5 Well-Being Index is a tool developed by the World Health Organization to assess the general well-being of individuals. It measures feelings such as cheerfulness, calmness, and energy. Below are some studies that have used the WHO-5 index:
- World Health Organization (1998). "WHO-5 Well-Being Index." Retrieved from: https://www.who.int
- Bech, P., Gudex, C., & Johansen, K. S. (1996). "The WHO (Ten) Well-Being Index: Validation of the Danish version of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 24(2), 149-154.
- Olsen, J., & Søndergard, H. (2009). "Psychometric properties of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index in a Danish sample." Quality of Life Research, 18(3), 381-388.