Biomedical
Review of Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14293/pr2199.001096.v1
Abstract
Introduction. Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer is also known as Lynch syndrome. It is autosomal dominant and is one of the most common causes of inherited colon cancer. A family history of colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives in two generations, and one case before the age of 50 is seen with Lynch syndrome The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. This paper covers the causes, epidemiology, pathophysiology, histology, diagnosis, and treatment for the disease.
Key Questions
What is Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC)?
HNPCC, also known as Lynch syndrome, is an inherited disorder that increases the risk of colorectal cancer and other cancers, often occurring at a younger age than the general population.
What causes HNPCC?
HNPCC is caused by inherited mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes, which normally help correct DNA replication errors. Defects in these genes lead to increased mutation rates and cancer development.
How is HNPCC diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves a combination of family history assessment, genetic testing for MMR gene mutations, and tumor testing for microsatellite instability or loss of MMR protein expression.
What are the management strategies for individuals with HNPCC?
Management includes regular cancer screening (such as colonoscopy), consideration of prophylactic surgeries, and lifestyle modifications to reduce cancer risk. Genetic counseling is also recommended for affected individuals and their families.
Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14293/pr2199.001096.v1