Physics Maths Engineering
Kai Zhang,
Feng Zhang,
Wenbo Wan,
Hui Yu,
Jiande Sun,
Javier Del Ser,
Eyad Elyan
Peer Reviewed
Panchromatic and multispectral image fusion, termed pan-sharpening, is to merge the spatial and spectral information of the source images into a fused one, which has a higher spatial and spectral resolution and is more reliable for downstream tasks compared with any of the source images. It has been widely applied to image interpretation and pre-processing of various applications. A large number of methods have been proposed to achieve better fusion results by considering the spatial and spectral relationships among panchromatic and multispectral images. In recent years, the fast development of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) has significantly enhanced the development of pan-sharpening techniques. However, this field lacks a comprehensive overview of recent advances boosted by the rise of AI and DL. This paper provides a comprehensive review of a variety of pan-sharpening methods that adopt four different paradigms, i.e., component substitution, multiresolution analysis, degradation model, and deep neural networks. As an important aspect of pan-sharpening, the evaluation of the fused image is also outlined to present various assessment methods in terms of reduced-resolution and full-resolution quality measurement. Then, we conclude this paper by discussing the existing limitations, difficulties, and challenges of pan-sharpening techniques, datasets, and quality assessment. In addition, the survey summarizes the development trends in these areas, which provide useful methodological practices for researchers and professionals. Finally, the developments in pan-sharpening are summarized in the conclusion part. The aim of the survey is to serve as a referential starting point for newcomers and a common point of agreement around the research directions to be followed in this exciting area.
Pan-sharpening is the process of merging panchromatic (high spatial resolution) and multispectral (high spectral resolution) images to create a single image with both high spatial and spectral resolution. This fused image is more reliable for tasks like image interpretation and analysis.
Pan-sharpening is crucial for applications like satellite imagery, environmental monitoring, and urban planning. It enhances the quality of images, making them more useful for downstream tasks such as object detection, land cover classification, and change detection.
The main methods include:
AI and deep learning have revolutionized pan-sharpening by enabling more accurate and efficient fusion of images. Deep neural networks can learn complex relationships between spatial and spectral features, resulting in higher-quality fused images compared to traditional methods.
Challenges include:
Quality is evaluated using:
Future trends include:
Pan-sharpening is used in:
This survey serves as a comprehensive starting point for newcomers. It provides an overview of methods, challenges, and future directions, along with references to key techniques and datasets.
Limitations include:
Show by month | Manuscript | Video Summary |
---|---|---|
2025 April | 5 | 5 |
2025 March | 73 | 73 |
2025 February | 46 | 46 |
2025 January | 52 | 52 |
2024 December | 39 | 39 |
2024 November | 37 | 37 |
2024 October | 32 | 32 |
2024 September | 41 | 41 |
2024 August | 27 | 27 |
2024 July | 35 | 35 |
2024 June | 19 | 19 |
2024 May | 30 | 30 |
2024 April | 24 | 24 |
2024 March | 6 | 6 |
Total | 466 | 466 |
Show by month | Manuscript | Video Summary |
---|---|---|
2025 April | 5 | 5 |
2025 March | 73 | 73 |
2025 February | 46 | 46 |
2025 January | 52 | 52 |
2024 December | 39 | 39 |
2024 November | 37 | 37 |
2024 October | 32 | 32 |
2024 September | 41 | 41 |
2024 August | 27 | 27 |
2024 July | 35 | 35 |
2024 June | 19 | 19 |
2024 May | 30 | 30 |
2024 April | 24 | 24 |
2024 March | 6 | 6 |
Total | 466 | 466 |