Biomedical
From Kiyoshi Shiga to Present-Day Shigella Vaccines: A Historical Narrative Review
rnfinity
Crystal M. Herrera,
Jessicia S. Schmitt,
Erum I. Chowdhry,
Mark S. Riddle
Abstract
We are at an exciting moment in time with the advancement of many vaccines, including a shigella vaccine for the world. It is instructive to look at the long road that some vaccines have traveled to recognize the remarkable accomplishments of those who were pioneers, appreciate the evolution of scientific and applied technology, and inform the future history of a vaccine that would have great potential for global health. To achieve this valuable retrospective, a narrative historical literature review was undertaken utilizing PubMed and Embase databases with relevant search terms. Retrieved articles were reviewed and information was organized into historical themes, landmark discoveries, and important vaccine development parallels. The literature reviewed was synthesized into major eras of shigella vaccine development from pathogen discovery and first attempts to empirical approaches of killed whole-cell and live-attenuated approaches, and a modern era that applied recombinant DNA engineering and structural vaccinology. The history of shigella vaccine development has largely followed the evolutionary path of vaccine development over the last 120 years, but with important lessons learned that should be considered as we embark on the future chapters of bringing to the world a safe and effective vaccine for global health.
Key Questions
What is the main focus of the article on shigella vaccine development?
The article provides a historical review of shigella vaccine development, highlighting key milestones, scientific advancements, and lessons learned over the past 120 years. It aims to inform future efforts in creating a safe and effective shigella vaccine for global health.
Why is the development of a shigella vaccine important for global health?
A shigella vaccine is crucial for global health because shigella infections cause significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-resource settings. A vaccine would help reduce the burden of shigellosis, especially among children in developing countries.
What are the major eras of shigella vaccine development discussed in the article?
The article divides shigella vaccine development into three major eras: early attempts using killed whole-cell and live-attenuated approaches, the modern era applying recombinant DNA engineering, and the current era utilizing structural vaccinology.
What were the early approaches to shigella vaccine development?
Early approaches included killed whole-cell vaccines and live-attenuated vaccines. These methods were based on empirical approaches and laid the groundwork for later advancements in vaccine technology.
How has recombinant DNA engineering influenced shigella vaccine development?
Recombinant DNA engineering allowed for the precise manipulation of shigella antigens, leading to the development of more targeted and effective vaccine candidates. This marked a significant shift from empirical to molecular-based approaches.
What is structural vaccinology, and how does it apply to shigella vaccines?
Structural vaccinology involves using detailed structural information about pathogens to design vaccines. For shigella, this approach has enabled the identification of key antigens and the design of vaccines that elicit strong immune responses.
What lessons have been learned from the history of shigella vaccine development?
Key lessons include the importance of understanding pathogen biology, the need for innovative technologies, and the value of global collaboration. These insights are critical for overcoming challenges in developing a safe and effective shigella vaccine.
How does the article inform future shigella vaccine development?
The article synthesizes historical milestones and scientific advancements to provide a roadmap for future shigella vaccine development. It emphasizes the importance of leveraging modern technologies and applying lessons from past efforts.
What role does global collaboration play in shigella vaccine development?
Global collaboration is essential for advancing shigella vaccine development. It facilitates the sharing of knowledge, resources, and expertise, accelerating progress toward a vaccine that can address global health needs.
What are the broader implications of developing a shigella vaccine?
A shigella vaccine would have significant public health benefits, reducing the incidence of shigellosis, preventing deaths, and improving quality of life, particularly in vulnerable populations. It would also contribute to global efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance by reducing the need for antibiotics.
