Social Science
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of CPEC road project by following EIA index approach for sustainability
Zahid Saqib,
Rashid Saeed,
Muhammad Qasim,
Abeera Saqib,
Muhammad Hassan
Peer Reviewed
Abstract
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a framework to provide all the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of mega projects for sustainability. Section 12 of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) 1997 regulates EIA procedure for mega projects that need to be approved by the respective Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to reduce environmental impacts. This study identified inadequacies linked with EIA procedures of CPEC western road project initiated from Rehmani Khel to Kot Balian (package-2A). To evaluate EIA procedures for the selected road project, an EIA index has been formulated based on questionnaire responses. The respondents of this study included environmental experts, social experts, and consultants from the relevant departments. The secondary sources involved a comprehensive literature review and approved EIA reports of CPEC road project. For testing variables, statistical analysis, i.e., the gamma test, correlation analysis, and factor analysis were used. The current study revealed the environmental impacts of CPEC road project, i.e., vehicle emissions, land degradation, loss of biodiversity, and atmospheric pollution. The calculated EIA index was 0.47, which identified the deficiencies among EIA stages, i.e., environmental management efficiency index, environmental impact statement index (EISI), and mitigation index for selected road projects. Statistical analysis indicated an insignificant relationship among the variables for environmental sustainability for the road project. This study will provide an EIA index for implementation of EIA procedures to reduce environmental degradation and contribute to EIA literature for long-term sustainability.
Key Questions
What is an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?
An EIA is a framework used to evaluate the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of large-scale projects, such as road construction, to ensure sustainability. It helps identify potential risks and mitigation measures to reduce environmental harm.
How does the EIA process work in Pakistan?
In Pakistan, the EIA process is regulated under Section 12 of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) 1997. Mega projects must undergo an EIA and obtain approval from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to minimize environmental impacts.
What are the environmental impacts of the CPEC western road project?
The CPEC western road project has led to environmental issues such as vehicle emissions, land degradation, loss of biodiversity, and atmospheric pollution. These impacts highlight the need for effective EIA procedures and mitigation strategies.
What are the shortcomings of the EIA process for the CPEC road project?
The study identified deficiencies in the EIA process, including low scores in environmental management efficiency, environmental impact statements, and mitigation measures. The overall EIA index was 0.47, indicating significant room for improvement.
How can the EIA process be improved for road projects?
Improvements can include better environmental management practices, more comprehensive impact assessments, and stronger mitigation measures. The study suggests using the EIA index as a tool to monitor and enhance the effectiveness of EIA procedures.
What is the EIA index, and how is it calculated?
The EIA index is a tool developed to evaluate the effectiveness of EIA procedures. It is calculated based on factors like environmental management efficiency, impact statements, and mitigation efforts. A higher score indicates better compliance with sustainability goals.
Why is the EIA important for sustainable development?
The EIA is crucial for sustainable development as it helps identify and address environmental and social impacts of large projects. By ensuring proper planning and mitigation, it promotes long-term environmental health and resource conservation.
What role do experts play in the EIA process?
Environmental and social experts, along with consultants, play a key role in conducting EIAs. They provide insights, analyze data, and recommend measures to minimize negative impacts, ensuring projects align with sustainability goals.
